Combustion chamber pistons



Sept. 10, 1968 F. TESSMER 3,400,701

COMBUSTION CHAMBER PISTONS Filed Nov. 18, 1966 INVENTOR Fred Tessmer United States Patent 3,400,701 COMBUSTION CHAMBER PISTONS Fred Tessmer, 2044 Karolina Ave.,

Winter Park, Fla. 32789 Filed Nov. 18, 1966, Ser. No. 595,485 3 Claims. (Cl. 123-193) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An internal combustion engine having a cylinder chamber, a piston movable in said chamber and a cylinder head normal to the axis of the piston, the piston having a conical recess in the top surface defining at its compression position the major exposed surface of 'an effective combustion chamber.

This invention relates to combustion chamber pistons and particularly to pistons for internal combustion engines andto internal combustion engines in which the volume of the combustion chamber is contained with a cavity in the piston.

In the design of internal combustion engines there has been a continuing demand for greater power and greater economy. Generally these two desirable qualities are antithetical. Greater power is obtained only with less economy and greater economy only with the sacrifice of power. Large sums of money have been spent in the quest for this desirable combination or for the ideal compromise between the two. Many forms of piston configuration, combustion chamber configuration and head design have been proposed, some more effective than others but without complete success.

I have invented a combustion head piston and internal combustion engine which combines maximum power and economy.

Preferably, I provide an internal combustion engine having a cylinder chamber, a piston movable in said chamber, a cylinder head normal to the axis of said chamber 'and closing said chamber at one end, means for delivering a combustible mixture into said chamber and for evacuating products of combustion, said piston having a conical recess in the top thereof defining with the cylinder head the major portion of the effective combustion chamber and means for igniting a combustible mixture in said combustion chamber. Preferably, the cylinder head is planar on the surface facing the chamber and the 'area of the surface of the conical recess equals or exceeds the area of remaining surfaces of the combustion chamber.

In the foregoing general statement of my invention, I have set out certain objects, purposes and advantages of my invention. Other objects, purposes and advantages of the invention will be apparent from a consideration of the following description and the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary section of an internal combustion cylinder, head and piston according to my invention in an overhead valve assembly; and

FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary section of an internal combustion cylinder, head and piston according to my invention in a 2 cycle assembly.

3,400,701 Patented Sept. 10, 1968 Referring to the drawings, I have illustrated in FIG URE 1 an engine block 10 having a cylinder 11 closed at one end by head 12 having valves 13 in the usual manner for delivery of a combustible mixture and exhaustion of combustion gases. A piston 14 is vertically movable in cylinder 11 by connecting rod 15 on crankshaft 16 as in the usual internal combustion engines. Piston 14 is provided with a conical recess 17 which defines with cylinder head 12 the combustion chamber at the time of firing.

The foregoing piston arrangement was installed in a Chevrolet six cylinder overhead valve engine with automatic transmission. Mileage per gallon of gasoline was carefully calculated over 10,000 miles on the engine in its original condition. The resulting calculation gave an average value of 20 miles per gallon. The original pistons were removed and pistons according to my invention substituted with the recess formed to provide an equivalent volume in the combustion chamber. Mileage per gallon of gasoline was again calculated over 10,000 miles with an average of 25 miles per gallon or an increment of 25% over the standard pistons.

In FIGURE 2, I have illustrated 'a 2 cycle engine block 20 having input ports 21 and outlet ports 21a in the side of the block and a cylinder 22. A head 23 closes the cylinder 22 in the usual manner. A piston 24 is vertically movable in cylinder 22 by connecting rod 25 on crankshaft 26 as in the usual internal combustion engine. Piston 24 is provided with a conical recess 27 which defines with cylinder head 23 the combustion chamber at the time of firing.

A 2 cycle single cylinder air cooled 2.25 H.P. engine was first operated to determine the maximum r.p.m. attainable. This was found to be 4000 r.p.m. A piston according to my invention was then substituted for the original piston and the maximum r.p.m. determined. This was found to be 6000 r.p.m. or an increase of 50% over the original engine pistons.

I have found that the piston, cylinder and head arrangement of my invention will increase substantially the economy and efficiency of operation of any internal combustion engine. This appears to be the result of the vastly increased surface over which work is performed when the piston area provides the major area in the combustion chamber. This assumption is purely a theory and I am not certain that it is the correct theory. I am certain, however, that results as described herein are attainable by my invention whatever the actual mechanism may be and I do not wish to be limited by any theory. Accordingly, while I have described and illustrated certain preferred embodiments of my invention, it will be understood that this invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder chamber, a piston movable in said chamber, a cylinder head normal to the axis of said cylinder chamber and closing said chamber at one end, means for delivering a combustible mixture into said chamber and for evacuating products of combustion therefrom, said piston having a conical recess in the top thereof defining at its compression position the major exposed surface area of an 3,400,701 3 4 effective combustion chamber and means for igniting a References Cited combustible mixture in said combustion chamber, the UNITED STATES PATENTS base of said conical recess being of a diameter substan- Re. 17,401 8/1929 Michell l2341.67 'f that the 1,607,398 11/1926 Hildebrand 123-191 2. An internal combustion engine as claimed in clalm 5 2 254 438 9/1941 Mccart 123 191 1 wherein the surface area of the recess forms at least fifty 2'749900 6/1956 Mitchel? percent of the area defining the combustion chamber at a the time of ignition of the combustible mixture. FOREIGN PATENTS 3. An internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 572,100 9/ 1945 Great Britain.

1 wherein the head provides a substantially planar sur- 10 f closing the cylinder chamber. WENDELL E. BURNS, Primary EXIUHIIZCI'. 

